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29 I will not drive them out before you in one year, lest the land become desolate and the wild animals[a] multiply against you. 30 Little by little[b] I will drive them out before you, until you become fruitful and inherit the land. 31 I will set[c] your boundaries from the Red Sea to the Sea of the Philistines, and from the desert to the River,[d] for I will deliver the inhabitants of the land into your hand, and you will drive them out before you.

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Footnotes

  1. Exodus 23:29 tn Heb “the beast of the field.”
  2. Exodus 23:30 tn The repetition expresses an exceptional or super-fine quality (see GKC 396 §123.e).
  3. Exodus 23:31 tn The form is a perfect tense with vav consecutive.
  4. Exodus 23:31 tn In the Hebrew Bible “the River” usually refers to the Euphrates (cf. NASB, NCV, NRSV, TEV, CEV, NLT). There is some thought that it refers to a river Nahr el Kebir between Lebanon and Syria. See further W. C. Kaiser, Jr., “Exodus,” EBC 2:447; and G. W. Buchanan, The Consequences of the Covenant (NovTSup), 91-100.